標書翻譯工作要做到語言準確，保持招標文件和投標書的術語和文本規范高度一致，下面上海臻云人工翻譯機構給大家分享標書翻譯技巧有什么?

  The translation of bids shall be accurate in language, and the terms and text specifications of bidding documents and bids shall be highly consistent. What are the translation skills shared by Shanghai Zhenyun artificial translation agency?

  一、字面法
  1、 Literal method

  字面法即按字面直譯原文。由這種譯法產生的譯文在選詞、句法、語義及語用意義等方面均與原文基本一致。但采用字面法要有前提原文中的語言和文化因素必須與譯語基本相符。否則便會導致死譯硬翻，使譯文極不自然，甚至歪曲原文。

  Literal translation means literal translation of the original text. The translation produced by this method is basically consistent with the original in terms of word selection, syntax, semantics and pragmatic meaning. However, the use of literal method must be based on the premise that the language and cultural factors in the original text must be basically consistent with the target language. Otherwise, it will lead to dead translation and hard translation, which makes the translation extremely unnatural and even distorts the original text.

  二、變通法

  2、 Workaround

  在標書翻譯過程中我們往往發現，在許多情況下若照字面直譯原文會感到非常別扭。有時，甚至行不通。這表明此時原文所涉及的語言和文化因素與譯語差異較大，不能按字面直接轉換，而應作必要的變通，即翻譯時應對詞語和句法作些必要的改動和調整，從而使譯文符合譯語規范和習慣，以達到再現原文的語義和語用意義的最終目的。以下僅就科技翻譯中最常用的幾種變通技巧舉例簡述:

  In the process of translating bids, we often find that in many cases, literal translation of the original text will feel very awkward. Sometimes, it doesn't even work. This shows that at this time, the language and cultural factors involved in the original text are quite different from those of the target language, so that they cannot be converted directly according to the face of the text, but should be modified as necessary, that is, some necessary changes and adjustments should be made to the words and syntax in translation, so as to make the translation conform to the norms and habits of the target language, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of reproducing the semantic and pragmatic meaning of the original text. Here are just a few examples of the most commonly used flexible skills in science and Technology Translation:

  1.引申

  1. extension

  在不能按字面直接進行原語向譯語的轉換時有時可借助于引伸詞義為轉換媒介。現代語義學將詞義概括為七類：概念意義、內涵意義、風格意義、感情意義、聯想意義、搭配意義、主題意義。引申詞義應根據特定的語境(此處指上下文)

  Sometimes, when the translation from the original to the target can not be carried out literally, the meaning of the extended words can be used as the medium of transformation. Modern semantics divides word meanings into seven categories: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, emotional meaning, associative meaning, collocation meaning and thematic meaning. The meaning of the extended word should be based on the specific context

  2.增詞：根據譯語的句法和慣用法特點增譯必要的詞。

  2. Add words: add necessary words according to the syntax and idiomatic features of the target language.

  3.減詞：根據譯語的句法和慣用法特點作必要的省譯。

  3. Subtraction: make necessary translation according to the syntactic and idiomatic features of the target language.

  4.反譯：必要的反譯變通可使譯文簡練、明了。

  4. Back translation: necessary back translation modifications can make the translation concise and clear.

  5.分譯：原句較長或難以譯為一句時，可分譯成幾句。

  5. Sub translation: when the original sentence is long or difficult to translate into one sentence, it can be translated into several sentences.

  6.合譯：與分譯反行之(例略)

  6. Co translation: the opposite of sub translation (example omitted)

  7.逆序：當原語與譯語的習慣敘述層次相反時應逆序譯之。

  7. Reverse order: when the habitual narrative level of the source language and the target language is opposite, they should be translated in reverse order.

  三、改換法

  3、 Conversion method

  字面法和變通法系語義意義的再現手法并且也是再現語用意義的兩個基本方法。但在原語與譯語之間的語言和文化因素差異甚大的情況下要再現原文的語用意義往往逾越字面法和變通法的功能范圍這時就必須采用改換法。其技巧可歸納為如下兩種:

  Literal method and flexible method are two basic ways to reproduce semantic meaning. However, in the case of great differences in language and cultural factors between the source language and the target language, if we want to reproduce the pragmatic meaning of the original text, it often goes beyond the functional scope of the literal method and the flexible method, then we must adopt the method of transformation. The skills can be summarized as follows:

  1.釋義

  1. definitions

  a)舍棄原文的形象，釋譯出其它語用意義。

  a) Discard the image of the original text and interpret other pragmatic meanings.

  b)改變原文的命題內容，釋譯出其語用意義。

  b) Change the proposition content of the original text and interpret its pragmatic meaning.

  2.歸化：根據譯語的特點、習慣、文化，替換原文的形象，從而較生動地轉達其語用意義。

  2. Domestication: according to the characteristics, habits and culture of the target language, replace the image of the original text, so as to convey its pragmatic meaning more vividly.